Head and neck cancer refers to a group of cancers that develop in the tissues of the head and neck region, including the mouth, throat, larynx, sinuses, and nasal cavity. These cancers can arise from various types of cells and are often linked to risk factors such as tobacco use, excessive alcohol consumption, and certain viral infections like human papillomavirus (HPV). Symptoms of head and neck cancer may include a persistent sore throat, difficulty swallowing, changes in voice, or lumps in the neck. Early detection is crucial for effective treatment, which may involve surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy, depending on the cancer's stage and location.