A Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP) is a structured and systematic technique used to identify potential hazards and operational issues in industrial processes. It involves a team of experts who analyze the design and operation of a system by examining how deviations from normal conditions can lead to accidents or inefficiencies. The study focuses on various parameters, such as flow rates and temperatures, to assess risks and recommend improvements. During a HAZOP session, the team uses specific guide words, like "more," "less," or "none," to explore possible deviations and their consequences. This collaborative approach helps ensure that all potential risks are identified and addressed, ultimately enhancing safety and operational reliability in industries such as chemical processing and oil and gas.