HAZOP, or Hazard and Operability Study, is a structured and systematic technique used to identify potential hazards and operational issues in industrial processes. It involves a team of experts who analyze the design and operation of a system by examining how deviations from normal operations can lead to risks. During a HAZOP session, the team uses guide words like "more," "less," and "none" to explore different scenarios and their consequences. This method helps ensure safety and efficiency by proactively addressing potential problems before they occur, making it a vital part of risk management in industries such as chemical engineering and manufacturing.