Hardware Security Modules (HSMs) are specialized devices designed to manage and protect digital keys used for encryption and decryption. They provide a secure environment for cryptographic operations, ensuring that sensitive data remains safe from unauthorized access. HSMs are commonly used in industries that require high levels of security, such as finance and healthcare. These modules can perform various functions, including key generation, storage, and management, as well as digital signatures and authentication. By using HSMs, organizations can enhance their security posture and comply with regulations that mandate the protection of sensitive information.