A Hardware Security Module (HSM) is a physical device designed to manage and protect digital keys used for encryption and decryption. HSMs provide a secure environment for cryptographic operations, ensuring that sensitive data remains protected from unauthorized access. They are commonly used in industries that require high levels of security, such as finance and healthcare. HSMs can perform various functions, including generating cryptographic keys, signing digital certificates, and encrypting sensitive information. By using an HSM, organizations can enhance their security posture and comply with regulations related to data protection, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS).