Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is a type of bacteria that can cause serious infections, particularly in young children. It is known to lead to illnesses such as meningitis, pneumonia, and epiglottitis. Hib is spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Vaccination has significantly reduced the incidence of Hib infections since the introduction of the Hib vaccine in the 1990s. This vaccine is typically given to infants and young children, helping to protect them from severe diseases caused by this bacterium. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing Hib-related infections.