HSD17B1, or 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1, is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the metabolism of steroid hormones. It is primarily involved in converting androstenedione into testosterone, which is essential for various physiological processes in both males and females. This enzyme is found in several tissues, including the testes, ovaries, and adrenal glands. The activity of HSD17B1 can influence hormone levels and is linked to various health conditions, such as breast cancer and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Understanding its function can help in developing targeted therapies for hormone-related disorders and improving overall health outcomes.