HIV-related disorders refer to health issues that arise due to the HIV infection, which weakens the immune system. This can lead to opportunistic infections, where normally harmless organisms cause illness. Common disorders include pneumonia, tuberculosis, and certain types of cancer, such as Kaposi's sarcoma. Additionally, individuals with HIV may experience neurological disorders, including HIV-associated dementia and peripheral neuropathy. These conditions can affect cognitive function and cause pain or weakness in the limbs. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial in managing these disorders and improving the quality of life for those living with HIV.