H₂O, commonly known as water, is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless liquid essential for all known forms of life. It is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, which gives it the chemical formula H₂O. Water exists in three states: liquid, solid (ice), and gas (water vapor), and it plays a crucial role in various natural processes, including weather patterns and the water cycle. Water covers about 71% of the Earth's surface and is vital for drinking, agriculture, and industry. It is also a key component of many biological processes, such as photosynthesis in plants and cellular respiration in animals. Access to clean water is essential for health and well-being, making it a critical resource for communities worldwide.