Georges Ivanovich Gurdjieff was a spiritual teacher and philosopher born in the late 19th century, known for developing a unique system of self-development. He emphasized the importance of self-awareness and inner work, encouraging individuals to awaken from a state of mechanical living. Gurdjieff founded the Institute for the Harmonious Development of Man in France, where he taught his ideas through various methods, including movement, music, and dance, collectively known as the Gurdjieff Movements. His teachings have influenced many modern spiritual and psychological practices, promoting a holistic approach to personal growth.