Gums and resins are natural substances produced by plants, primarily trees, as a response to injury or stress. Gums are water-soluble and can form a gel-like consistency, while resins are typically solid or semi-solid and are not soluble in water. Both serve protective functions for the plant, helping to seal wounds and deter pests. These substances have been used by humans for various purposes, including in traditional medicine, incense, and as food additives. Common examples include gum arabic, derived from the acacia tree, and frankincense, which comes from the Boswellia species.