Gum diseases, also known as periodontal diseases, are infections that affect the tissues surrounding the teeth. They are primarily caused by the buildup of plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that forms on teeth. If not removed through proper oral hygiene, plaque can harden into tartar, leading to inflammation and infection of the gums. The two main types of gum diseases are gingivitis and periodontitis. Gingivitis is the milder form, characterized by red, swollen gums that may bleed during brushing. If left untreated, it can progress to periodontitis, which can result in tooth loss and damage to the bone supporting the teeth. Regular dental check-ups and good oral hygiene can help prevent these conditions.