Gruffydd Ap Cynan was a Welsh prince born around 1055, known for his role in the struggle for Welsh independence from Norman rule. He was the son of Cynan Ap Iago, a previous ruler of Gwynedd, and became a significant figure in the resistance against the Normans in the 11th century. Gruffydd's reign began in 1081 when he became the king of Gwynedd. He is remembered for his efforts to unite various Welsh factions and for his military campaigns against the Normans, which helped to strengthen Welsh identity during a turbulent period in history.