Group 4 refers to a category of elements in the periodic table, specifically the group that includes carbon, silicon, germanium, tin, and lead. These elements are known for having four electrons in their outermost shell, which allows them to form various types of bonds, including covalent bonds. They play essential roles in organic chemistry and materials science. In addition to their chemical properties, Group 4 elements have diverse applications. For instance, carbon is fundamental to life and is used in everything from fuels to plastics. Silicon is crucial in electronics, particularly in the production of semiconductors and computer chips.