Group 16 of the periodic table, also known as the chalcogens, includes the elements oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and polonium. These elements are characterized by having six electrons in their outermost shell, which influences their chemical properties and reactivity. Chalcogens play essential roles in various biological and industrial processes. For example, oxygen is vital for respiration in living organisms, while sulfur is important in the production of fertilizers and pharmaceuticals. Each element in this group exhibits unique properties and applications, contributing to their significance in both nature and technology.