A grounding rod is a metal rod, typically made of copper or galvanized steel, that is driven into the ground to provide a safe path for electrical currents. Its primary purpose is to protect buildings and electrical systems from lightning strikes and electrical surges by directing excess electricity safely into the earth. Grounding rods are an essential part of electrical systems, ensuring that any stray voltage is dissipated. They are often connected to the electrical panel of a building through a grounding wire, helping to prevent electrical shock and equipment damage.