Gregory VII, born Hildebrand of Sovana, was a pope from 1073 to 1085. He is best known for his role in the Investiture Controversy, a significant conflict between the papacy and secular rulers over the appointment of bishops. Gregory VII advocated for the independence of the Church from political influence, emphasizing the spiritual authority of the pope. During his papacy, Gregory VII implemented reforms aimed at addressing corruption within the clergy and promoting celibacy among priests. His efforts to strengthen the papacy led to tensions with rulers like Henry IV of Germany, culminating in a power struggle that shaped the relationship between church and state in medieval Europe.