The Gregorian Reforms were a series of church reforms initiated by Pope Gregory VII in the 11th century. These reforms aimed to address issues such as clerical corruption, simony (the buying and selling of church offices), and the moral integrity of the clergy. The movement sought to enhance the authority of the papacy and ensure that church leaders were chosen based on merit rather than political influence. One of the key aspects of the Gregorian Reforms was the emphasis on celibacy for priests, which aimed to eliminate conflicts of interest and promote spiritual dedication. The reforms also led to the Investiture Controversy, a significant conflict between the papacy and secular rulers over the appointment of bishops and other church officials, shaping the relationship between church and state in medieval Europe.