The Greek War of Independence began in 1821 as a revolt against the Ottoman Empire, which had ruled Greece for nearly four centuries. The conflict was fueled by a desire for freedom and national identity, inspired by the Enlightenment and other independence movements in Europe. After years of struggle, the war officially ended in 1829, leading to the establishment of the modern Greek state. The conflict is celebrated annually on March 25, known as Independence Day, marking the start of the revolution and the eventual liberation of Greece from Ottoman control.