Granular sludge is a type of wastewater treatment material that consists of small, dense particles formed by microorganisms. Unlike traditional flocculent sludge, which appears as fluffy aggregates, granular sludge has a compact structure that settles quickly in water. This property enhances the efficiency of the treatment process, allowing for better separation of solids and liquids. The formation of granular sludge is often encouraged in processes like Anammox and UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) systems. These systems benefit from the high settling velocity and reduced need for additional treatment steps, making them more cost-effective and efficient in managing organic waste and nutrients.