Granular materials are collections of discrete particles, such as sand, gravel, or rice. These materials can flow like liquids but also have solid-like properties, depending on how they are packed and the forces acting on them. Their behavior is influenced by factors like particle size, shape, and moisture content. In engineering and geology, understanding granular materials is crucial for applications like construction and soil stability. The study of these materials helps in predicting how they will behave under different conditions, such as during earthquakes or when used in concrete mixtures.