Glyoxalase I is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the detoxification of harmful compounds in the body. It catalyzes the conversion of methylglyoxal, a toxic byproduct of metabolism, into a less harmful substance. This process is essential for maintaining cellular health and preventing damage caused by reactive compounds. The enzyme operates as part of the glyoxalase system, which includes another enzyme called Glyoxalase II. Together, they help regulate levels of methylglyoxal, thereby protecting cells from oxidative stress and contributing to overall metabolic balance. Dysregulation of this system can lead to various health issues, including diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases.