The Ghaznavid Dynasty was a prominent Muslim dynasty that ruled parts of present-day Afghanistan and northern India from the late 10th to the 12th century. Founded by Mahmud of Ghazni, the dynasty is known for its military conquests and cultural achievements, particularly in the fields of literature and architecture. The Ghaznavids played a significant role in the spread of Islam in the Indian subcontinent. Under the leadership of Mahmud and his successors, the Ghaznavid Empire expanded through numerous campaigns, including raids into northern India. The dynasty's capital was established in Ghazni, which became a center of trade and culture. The Ghaznavids are also remembered for their patronage of scholars and poets, contributing to the rich cultural heritage of the region.