The geothermal gradient refers to the rate at which temperature increases with depth below the Earth's surface. On average, this gradient is about 25 to 30 degrees Celsius per kilometer of depth, but it can vary significantly depending on geological conditions. Areas with volcanic activity or hot springs often exhibit a higher geothermal gradient due to the presence of molten rock or hot fluids. Understanding the geothermal gradient is important for various applications, including geothermal energy production and mineral exploration. By measuring temperature changes at different depths, scientists can identify potential resources and assess the thermal properties of the Earth's crust.