Geotechnics is a branch of engineering that focuses on the behavior of soil and rock materials in relation to construction and environmental projects. It involves studying the physical and mechanical properties of these materials to ensure the stability and safety of structures like buildings, bridges, and roads. Geotechnical engineers assess site conditions, conduct soil tests, and analyze data to design foundations and other earth-retaining structures. Their work is crucial in preventing issues such as landslides, subsidence, and foundation failure, ensuring that construction projects are built on solid ground.