George III of the United Kingdom was born on June 4, 1738, and became king in 1760. He ruled during a time of significant change, including the American Revolutionary War, which led to the loss of the American colonies. His reign lasted for nearly 60 years, making him one of the longest-serving monarchs in British history. Despite facing political challenges, George III was known for his interest in agriculture and the arts. He supported the establishment of the Royal Academy of Arts and was a patron of various scientific endeavors. His later years were marked by mental health issues, which affected his ability to govern.