Geomagnetic storms are disturbances in the Earth's magnetic field caused by solar wind and solar flares. When charged particles from the Sun collide with the Earth's magnetic field, they can create beautiful auroras and disrupt communication systems, satellites, and power grids. These storms are measured on a scale from G1 to G5, with G5 being the most severe. During intense storms, the effects can be felt globally, leading to potential hazards for astronauts in space and increased radiation exposure for airline passengers flying at high altitudes.