Geological evolution refers to the changes in the Earth's structure and composition over time. This process is driven by various forces, including plate tectonics, erosion, and volcanic activity. The Earth's surface has transformed through different geological eras, each marked by significant events such as the formation of mountains, oceans, and continents. Throughout its history, the Earth has experienced major shifts, including the breakup of supercontinents like Pangaea and the rise and fall of sea levels. Fossils found in sedimentary rocks provide evidence of past life forms and environmental conditions, helping scientists understand the planet's dynamic history and the processes that shaped it.