Antarctica is the southernmost continent, located around the South Pole. It is the fifth-largest continent, covering about 14 million square kilometers. The landscape is dominated by ice sheets, glaciers, and mountain ranges, with the Antarctic Ice Sheet containing around 60% of the world's fresh water. The continent is surrounded by the Southern Ocean, which plays a crucial role in global climate and ocean circulation. The geography of Antarctica is characterized by extreme conditions, including frigid temperatures and strong winds. The highest point is the summit of {Vinson Massif}, reaching 4,892 meters above sea level. Despite its harsh environment, Antarctica is home to unique ecosystems, including various species of {penguins} and {seals} that thrive in its icy waters.