Geographic phenomena refer to natural events and features that occur on the Earth's surface. These can include landforms like mountains, valleys, and rivers, as well as weather patterns such as hurricanes and tornadoes. Understanding these phenomena helps scientists study the Earth's processes and how they affect ecosystems and human activities. Additionally, geographic phenomena can also encompass human-made features, such as cities and roads, which influence the landscape. The interaction between natural and human elements shapes the environment, leading to changes over time. Examples include urbanization and deforestation, which can alter local climates and habitats.