Genetic parts refer to the various components of an organism's DNA that contribute to its traits and functions. These parts include genes, which are segments of DNA that code for proteins, and regulatory elements that control when and how genes are expressed. Together, these components determine an organism's characteristics, such as eye color or height. In addition to genes, genetic parts also encompass non-coding regions of DNA, which do not code for proteins but play important roles in gene regulation and chromosome structure. Understanding these genetic parts is essential for fields like genetics, molecular biology, and biotechnology, as they help scientists explore heredity and develop medical treatments.