General Circulation Models (GCMs) are complex computer simulations used to understand and predict the Earth's climate. They represent the atmosphere, oceans, and land surface, allowing scientists to analyze how different factors, such as greenhouse gas emissions, influence climate patterns over time. GCMs divide the Earth into a grid, calculating interactions between various components of the climate system. These models are essential for climate research and policy-making, as they help forecast future climate scenarios. By simulating different conditions, GCMs provide insights into potential impacts on ecosystems, weather patterns, and human activities, aiding in the development of strategies to mitigate climate change.