Gemstone trading involves the buying and selling of precious and semi-precious stones, such as diamonds, emeralds, and sapphires. Traders often source these gemstones from mines or dealers and then sell them to retailers or directly to consumers. The value of gemstones is determined by factors like color, clarity, cut, and carat weight. The gemstone market is global, with major trading hubs located in cities like Antwerp, Bangkok, and New York. Traders must be knowledgeable about market trends and gemstone grading to ensure fair pricing. Additionally, ethical sourcing has become increasingly important, as consumers seek assurance that their gemstones are conflict-free.