Gangliosides are complex molecules found in the cell membranes of many tissues, particularly in the nervous system. They are composed of a glycosphingolipid backbone with one or more sialic acid residues, which give them a negative charge. Gangliosides play essential roles in cell signaling, cell recognition, and the maintenance of cell structure. These molecules are particularly abundant in neurons, where they contribute to the formation of synapses and the transmission of nerve impulses. Abnormalities in ganglioside metabolism can lead to various diseases, including Gaucher disease and Tay-Sachs disease, which are genetic disorders affecting the nervous system.