Galvanic isolation is a technique used to separate different sections of an electrical system to prevent direct current (DC) flow between them. This isolation helps protect sensitive components from voltage spikes and reduces the risk of electric shock. It is commonly achieved using devices like transformers or opto-isolators, which allow signal transmission without a direct electrical connection. This method is essential in various applications, including medical devices, industrial equipment, and communication systems. By ensuring that different parts of a system operate independently, galvanic isolation enhances safety and reliability, making it a crucial aspect of modern electrical design.