Gallia Transpadana refers to the region of ancient Gaul located north of the Po River in present-day northern Italy. It was inhabited by various Celtic tribes and was known for its fertile land and strategic location. The area played a significant role in trade and military movements during the Roman Republic and Empire. The term "Transpadana" means "beyond the Po," distinguishing it from Gallia Cisalpina, which lies south of the river. The region was incorporated into the Roman Empire, leading to significant cultural and economic changes, including the spread of Roman law and Latin language.