Gall formation is a biological process where abnormal growths, known as galls, develop on plants in response to various stimuli, often from insects or pathogens. These growths can occur on leaves, stems, or roots and serve as a protective environment for the organisms that induce them, such as certain species of wasps or fungi. Galls vary in size, shape, and color, depending on the host plant and the inducing agent. They can provide nutrients and shelter for the larvae of insects while simultaneously affecting the plant's health and growth. Understanding gall formation helps researchers study plant-insect interactions and ecosystem dynamics.