The term "Galilean" primarily refers to anything related to the Italian astronomer and physicist Galileo Galilei. He is known for his significant contributions to the scientific revolution in the 16th and 17th centuries, particularly in the fields of astronomy and motion. His observations through a telescope led to the discovery of Jupiter's moons and the phases of Venus, challenging the prevailing geocentric model of the universe. In a broader context, "Galilean" can also describe concepts or principles associated with Galileo's work, such as the Galilean transformation in physics, which relates to how the laws of motion apply in different inertial frames. This concept laid the groundwork for modern physics and influenced later scientists, including Isaac Newton.