Galactosemia is a rare genetic disorder that affects how the body processes galactose, a sugar found in milk and dairy products. Individuals with this condition lack the enzyme needed to break down galactose, leading to its accumulation in the body. This can cause serious health issues, including liver damage, cataracts, and intellectual disabilities if not managed properly. Diagnosis typically occurs in infancy through newborn screening tests. Treatment involves a strict diet that eliminates all sources of galactose, including milk and certain fruits. Early intervention and dietary management can help prevent complications and support healthy development in affected individuals.