Galactic formation refers to the process by which galaxies are created and evolve over time. It involves the gravitational collapse of gas and dark matter, leading to the formation of stars and other celestial bodies. The Big Bang theory suggests that galaxies began forming a few hundred million years after the universe's inception, influenced by various factors such as dark matter density and cosmic expansion. As galaxies form, they can merge and interact with one another, leading to diverse structures and types of galaxies, such as spiral and elliptical galaxies. Understanding galactic formation helps astronomers learn about the history of the universe and the distribution of matter within it.