Galaxy formation is a complex process that began shortly after the Big Bang, around 13.8 billion years ago. Initially, small fluctuations in density within the cosmic microwave background led to the gravitational attraction of dark matter, which helped to form the first structures in the universe. Over time, these structures merged and evolved into the galaxies we see today. The formation of galaxies involves various processes, including the cooling of gas, star formation, and interactions with other galaxies. Spiral galaxies, like our Milky Way, are formed through the accumulation of gas and dust, while elliptical galaxies often result from galaxy mergers. Understanding these processes helps astronomers learn more about the universe's history and evolution.