Fundamental properties refer to the basic characteristics that define the nature of matter and energy. These properties include attributes such as mass, volume, density, and temperature. Understanding these properties is essential in fields like physics and chemistry, as they help explain how substances interact and behave under various conditions. In addition to physical properties, fundamental properties also encompass mathematical concepts like numbers and shapes. These properties form the foundation for more complex theories and applications, allowing scientists and mathematicians to build upon them to explore and understand the universe more deeply.