Functional connectivity refers to the patterns of communication between different regions of the brain while performing specific tasks or at rest. It is often measured using techniques like fMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging), which detects changes in blood flow related to neural activity. This connectivity helps researchers understand how different brain areas work together to support cognitive functions. By analyzing functional connectivity, scientists can identify networks involved in various processes, such as memory, attention, and emotion. Changes in these connectivity patterns can also provide insights into neurological and psychiatric disorders, aiding in the development of targeted treatments and interventions.