A fringe pattern is a series of alternating light and dark bands that occur when waves, such as light or sound, interfere with each other. This phenomenon is commonly observed in experiments involving interference, where two or more coherent sources of waves overlap. The bright areas represent constructive interference, where waves reinforce each other, while the dark areas indicate destructive interference, where waves cancel each other out. Fringe patterns are often used in various scientific applications, including optical instruments like microscopes and telescopes. They help researchers analyze wave properties and measure distances with high precision, making them essential in fields such as physics and engineering.