Fridtjof Nansen was a Norwegian explorer, scientist, and humanitarian born on October 10, 1861. He is best known for his Arctic expeditions, particularly his 1893 voyage on the ship Fram, which aimed to reach the North Pole. Nansen's innovative techniques and contributions to oceanography helped advance our understanding of polar regions. In addition to his exploration work, Nansen was a prominent advocate for refugees after World War I. He served as the first High Commissioner for Refugees for the League of Nations, earning the Nobel Peace Prize in 1922 for his efforts to assist displaced people and promote international cooperation.