The French avant-garde refers to a cultural movement that emerged in France during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, characterized by innovative and experimental approaches in art, literature, and music. It sought to challenge traditional norms and conventions, often embracing radical ideas and new techniques. Key figures include artists like Marcel Duchamp and Pablo Picasso, who pushed boundaries in their respective fields. This movement laid the groundwork for various modern art movements, such as Surrealism and Dadaism. The avant-garde spirit encouraged artists to explore the subconscious, question reality, and express individual perspectives, significantly influencing contemporary culture and thought.