French philosophy encompasses a wide range of ideas and movements that have emerged in France, significantly influencing Western thought. Key figures include René Descartes, known for his emphasis on reason and skepticism, and Jean-Paul Sartre, a leading figure in existentialism who explored themes of freedom and responsibility. In the 20th century, French philosophy saw the rise of structuralism and post-structuralism, with thinkers like Michel Foucault and Jacques Derrida challenging traditional notions of meaning and power. These movements have shaped contemporary debates in various fields, including literature, sociology, and political theory.