The French Defense is a popular chess opening that begins with the moves 1.e4 e6. It is characterized by Black's solid pawn structure and aims to counter White's central control. By playing e6, Black prepares to challenge White's pawn on d4 and develop pieces behind the pawn chain. This opening often leads to complex positions where both sides have chances for counterplay. The French Defense can result in various pawn structures, including the Winawer Variation and the Classical Variation, each offering unique strategic ideas and plans for both players.