The Free Officers Movement was a group of nationalist military officers in Egypt who sought to end British influence and the monarchy. Formed in the early 1940s, the movement aimed to promote social and political reforms, advocating for a more equitable society. In 1952, the Free Officers, led by figures like Gamal Abdel Nasser, successfully orchestrated a coup that overthrew King Farouk I. This event marked the beginning of a new era in Egyptian politics, leading to the establishment of a republic and significant changes in governance and social policies.