Frederick William III of Prussia was born on October 3, 1770, and ruled from 1797 until his death in 1840. He was the son of Frederick William II and became king during a time of significant political change in Europe, including the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. His reign was marked by efforts to modernize the Prussian state and military. Frederick William III is known for his conservative policies and resistance to liberal reforms. He played a role in the formation of the German Confederation after the defeat of Napoleon, aiming to maintain stability in the region. His legacy includes the promotion of education and infrastructure improvements in Prussia.